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Luxembourg City, 9 October 2010. Photo credit: LenDog64 via Flickr (CC BY-ND 2.0) 

Luxembourg City tied in ninth place (with Dublin and Gothenburg) in the annual “Location Ratings” published by ECA International. It also ranked ninth in 2018.

The study is an “assessment of the overall quality of living in over 480 locations worldwide,” ECA said on 13 February.

According to the HR advisory firm’s press release, the ratings measure:

“the level of difficulty the expatriate will experience in adapting to a new location. Factors evaluated include climate; availability of health services; housing and utilities; isolation; access to a social network and leisure facilities; infrastructure; personal safety; political tensions and air quality.”

The Netherlands had four cities in the top 20, while Germany and Switzerland each had three locations, and Denmark and Sweden both had two. The UK had one.

Top 20 most liveable locations for European expatriates, 2019 ranking:

1. Copenhagen, Denmark

1. Bern, Switzerland

3. The Hague, Netherlands

3. Geneva, Switzerland

5. Stavanger, Norway

6. Amsterdam, Netherlands

6. Eindhoven, Netherlands

6. Basel, Switzerland

9. Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

9. Gothenburg, Sweden

9. Dublin, Ireland

12. Aarhus, Denmark

12. Rotterdam, Netherlands

14. Zurich, Switzerland

15. Bonn, Germany

15. Munich, Germany

17. Vienna, Austria

17. Hamburg, Germany

19. Stockholm, Sweden

19. Edinburgh, UK

The most liveable non-European location for European expats was Toronto, ECA said, with cities in Australia and New Zealand also scoring well.