The Grand Duchy tied with Germany and the UK in 10th place, out of 168 jurisdictions, in the “Global Perceptions Index 2015”. The report was released by the NGO Transparency International on Wednesday. The three countries each earned a score of 81 points out of 100.

Luxembourg was 7th among European nations. That is higher (or more clean) than Iceland (79 points), Belgium (77), Austria (76), Ireland (75) and France (70).

Denmark (91 points) and Finland (90) topped the international tables. North Korea and Somalia, both with a score of 8, ranked at the bottom.

The Grand Duchy ranked 9th worldwide, with a score of 82, in the 2014 index, Transparency International Luxembourg, the local affiliate of the Berlin-based advocacy group, noted in an announcement.

“Based on expert opinion, the Corruption Perceptions Index measures the perceived levels of public sector corruption worldwide.” According to the NGO, the experts include academics and independent organisations based outside of the country being evaluated.

But perceptions can differ from reality, the pressure group warned, particularity “in a small country where the phenomenon of corruption through influence peddling and conflict of interest may be more subtle and less visible and perceptible from abroad”.

However, it did not cite any specific examples of such “divergence”, like the potential impact of LuxLeaks, in its statement.

Transparency runs a local anti-corruption hotline: [email protected] or (+352) 26 38 99 29.