Only 31% of scientists and engineers in the grand duchy were women in 2018, according to Eurostat, the EU’s statistics agency.

Only Finland (29%) and Hungary (30%) had lower rates than Luxembourg, which did slightly better than Germany (33%).

The EU27 average rate was 41%, while Lithuania (57% female), Bulgaria and Latvia (both 52%) and Denmark (51%) outperformed.

Eurostat released the numbers on 10 February, ahead of International Day of Women and Girls in Science on 11 February.