The report examines six key variables: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, social freedom, generosity and absence of corruption. Luxembourg’s score was boosted in large part by its high GDP per capita, which was the second highest behind Qatar.

Overall, the happiest country was Finland, followed by Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Switzerland. Germany occupied fifteenth place, Belgium sixteenth and France twenty-third place.

To determine immigrant or foreign-born resident happiness, the report drew on data from the Gallup World Poll from 2005 to 2017.

The report author warns that data on foreign-born resident happiness should be taken with a pinch of salt for certain countries because of the small proportion of survey respondents, particularly compared to Luxembourg which had a 46% proportion of foreign-born residents at the time the report data was gathered.