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The grand duchy held $3.3bn more in US government debt than it did in December 2017 ($217.6bn); although only $2bn more than in January 2017 ($218.9bn).

These figures include holdings by Luxembourg-domiciled investment funds, which likely accounts for the vast majority.

The top 10 holders of US bills, bonds and notes as of January 2018 were:

  1. China, Mainland: $1,168.2bn
  2. Japan: $1,065.8bn
  3. Ireland: $327.5bn
  4. Brazil: $265.7bn
  5. Switzerland: $251.1bn
  6. UK: $243.3bn
  7. Cayman Islands: $241.9bn
  8. Luxembourg: $220.9bn
  9. Hong Kong: $194.1bn
  10. Taiwan: $175.1bn

Uncle Sam owed investors in Belgium $123.7bn, France $78.4bn, Germany $71bn and the Netherlands $45.1bn. Altogether foreigners held $6,260.4bn in US government debt.

The data were released by the US Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board on 15 March.