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That’s according to figures released by Eurostat on 28 November (PDF).

The ratio measures the total amount of taxes and net social insurance charges as a proportion of the country’s total economy.

Luxembourg’s 40.3% ratio was almost exactly the same as the EU average of 40.2%.

Total revenue from taxes and social contributions in the EU Member States, 2017
Graphic credit: Eurostat

The highest ratios in the EU were recorded in France (48.4%), Belgium (47.3%) and Denmark (46.5%). The lowest were in Ireland (23.5%), Romania (25.8%) and Bulgaria (29.5%), the EU statistics agency said.